Metalworking art of the Qajar period (1789-1925)
© 2026 Shiraz Art Museum.
Iranian metalworking is an ancient tradition and a major modern industrial sector, renowned historically for luxury artistic crafts like Qalamzani (engraving) and Toreutics (embossing), and today supported by rich underground mineral resources including iron ore, copper, lead, and zinc.
Traditional Art and Craft Qalamzani: An ancient craft dating back thousands of years that uses hammers and chisels to carve detailed patterns into gold, silver, copper, and brass.Historical Evolution: Mastered during historical eras like the Sasanian, Seljuk, and Safavid dynasties, producing decorated ewers, caskets, and ceremonial weapons.Toreutics: The fine art of ornamenting metal surfaces with intricate pictorial and geometric designs.Modern Industry and Resources. Raw Materials: The Iranian plateau contains major deposits of iron, copper, and zinc, enabling a heavy industrial metalworking and mining sector. Production: Includes large-scale steel production, structural metal fabrication, and copper extraction complexes that supply both domestic manufacturing and regional export markets.
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